Radar image of ice cover at 78 35 N, 143 46 W

Multi-year ice with brash ice, refrozen melt pools, and hummocky appearance.

Frazil ice and interlocking fingers of nilas ice covered with frost flowers and first year ice floes

Radar image of ice cover at 77 59 N, 139 02 W .

Frazil ice on lower left of image, nilas to right and ice floes extending to horizon.

Rafting nilas forming grey-white ice as it continues to grow in thickness. The dark ice to the bottom is thin nilas with frost flowers showing as white specks.

Large ridge in multi-year ice with refrozen melt pools in foreground

Ice floes in distance, nilas ice in bottom center, and large pancakes frozen together in lowest center.

Interlocking fingers of nilas ice covered with frost flowers.

Nilas ice covered with frost flowers

Nilas ice covered with frost flowers with the ice pack extending to the horizon.

A large area of nilas ice with frost flowers

Healy traversing an area of floes of first year ice.

Nilas ice covered with frost flowers

Hummocky multi-year ice with ridges and refrozen melt ponds. Frozen fog in the distance with either a show shower or possible illumination of ice crystals below sun.

Rotting melting ice at the edge of an ice floe.

Small pancake ice

Ice floes interspersed with nilas ice and brash ice.

Frazil ice to left, rafting interlocking fingers of nilas to right, and ice floes extending to horizon.

Pancakes frozen together in bottom half of image, some frazil ice, and interlocking fingers of nilas ice.

Pancakes freezing together

Pancakes freezing together

Large pancake floes. Note the structure of the floes where it can be seen that they have been formed by the agglomeration of smaller pancakes.

Pancakes with remnant of older ice

Frazil ice with greasy appearance in leads and nilas ice.

Interlocking pancake ice which with further freezing and jostling will form larger floes.

Interlocking pancake ice which with further freezing and jostling will form larger floes.

Radar image of minimal ice cover at 75 15 N, 138 21 W.

Interlocking pancake ice which with further freezing and jostling will form larger floes.

Interlocking pancake ice which with further freezing and jostling will form larger floes.

Interlocking pancake ice which with further freezing and jostling will form larger floes.

Pancake showing growth of pancakes which will ultimately form floes.

Nilas ice with frost flowers

Interlocking fingers of nilas ice with frost flowers.

Interlocking fingers of nilas ice with frost flowers with ice pack of multi-year ice extending to horizon.

Navigation display on USCG icebreaker HEALY at 76 44 N, 134 09 W . Note air temperature of 9.75 Fahrenheit and a sea temperature of minus 1.3 Celsius (approximately 30 Fahrenheit, below the freezing point of fresh water).

Multi-year ice floes extending to the horizon.

An amazing assemblage of small pancakes.

Small and large pancakes coming together to form ice floes.

The USCG icebreaker HEALY cruising in open water along an area dominated by pancake ice.

Pancake ice

Radar image of minimal ice cover at 74 46 N, 140 03 W.

Floes of multi-year ice

Floes of thick multi-year ice

Floes of thick multi-year ice on a gray cloudy day.

Helicopter operations. Canadian helicopter flying over first-year ice floes.

USCG icebreaker HEALY in relatively smooth first-year ice floes followed by the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker LOUIS S. ST. LAURENT .

USCG icebreaker HEALY in relatively smooth first-year ice floes and nilas ice followed by the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker LOUIS S. ST. LAURENT .

USCG icebreaker HEALY in relatively smooth first-year ice floes and nilas ice followed by the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker LOUIS S. ST. LAURENT .

USCG icebreaker HEALY in relatively smooth first-year ice floes and nilas ice alongside the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker LOUIS S. ST. LAURENT .