A bottom temperature map published in "Three Cruises of the Blake", Alexander Agassiz, 1888. p. 218. The majority of these temperatures were obtained by the CHALLENGER Expedition. The cold pool in the southwest Atlantic Ocean is indicative of no communication between the southwest and southeast Atlantic basins as the result of an obstruction - the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A bottom sediment map. Published in "Three Cruises of the Blake", Alexander Agassiz, 1888. P. 286. The majority of the sediment samples in this map were obtained as the result of Coast Survey expeditions between the 1840's and 1880's. Library Call Number QH93.A26 1888 v.1.

A bottom sediment map showing the density of deep sea soundings as well published by Sir John Murray of the CHALLENGER.

Sounding technique used by Sir James Clark Ross in obtaining first modern deep sea sounding on January 3, 1840 at Latitude 27 26 S and Longitude 17 29 W. The observed depth was 2,425 fathoms. On January 22, 1968, the ESSA Ship DISCOVERER sounded at the same location with a modern echo-sounder and measured 2312 fathoms, less than a 5 per cent error for Ross's observation.

Sir John Murray of the CHALLENGER.

His Serene Royal Highness Prince Albert of Monaco.

Figure 17. - The dredging and sounding arrangements on board the CHALLENGER. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 65. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 1. - The Natural History work-room of the CHALLENGER In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 26. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 3. - The apparatus for collecting the atmospheric gases from sea-water. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 37. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 4. - The carbonic acid apparatus. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 40. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 5. - The gas analysis apparatus. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 43. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 10. - The "Slip Water-Bottle." In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 49. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 12. - Buchanan's "Stop-cock Water Bottle." In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 53. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 14. - The Baillie Sounding Machine. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 61. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 15. - The Valve Sounding Lead (in section). In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 62. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 16. - The Dredge. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 63. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 18. - The Deepsea Trawl. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 69. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

H. M. S. CHALLENGER. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 72. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Plate XXIII - The CHALLENGER at St. Paul's Rocks. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 96. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 2.

Plate XXIX - The island of Tristan d'Cunha. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 138. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 2.

Penguins at home. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 171. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 2.

Figure 38. Brooke's Deep-Sea Sounding Apparatus. In: "The Depths of the Sea" by C. Wyville Thomson, 1874. P. 213. Library Call Number GC75 .T48 2nd ed. 1874.

Figure 37. The Cup-lead. In: "The Depths of the Sea" by C. Wyville Thomson, 1874. P. 210. Library Call Number GC75 .T48 2nd ed. 1874.

Figure 39. Brooke's Deep-Sea Sounding Apparatus. In: "The Depths of the Sea" by C. Wyville Thomson, 1874. P. 211. Library Call Number GC75 .T48 2nd ed. 1874.

Figure 40. The "Bull-dog" Sounding Machine. In: "The Depths of the Sea" by C. Wyville Thomson, 1874. P. 215. Library Call Number GC75 .T48 2nd ed. 1874.

Figure 41. The "Fitzgerald" Sounding Machine. In: "The Depths of the Sea" by C. Wyville Thomson, 1874. P. 217. Library Call Number GC75 .T48 2nd ed. 1874.

Figure 42. The "Hydra" Sounding Machine. In: "The Depths of the Sea" by C. Wyville Thomson, 1874. P. 218. Library Call Number GC75 .T48 2nd ed. 1874.

Figure 43. Massey's Sounding Machine. In: "The Depths of the Sea" by C. Wyville Thomson, 1874. P. 225. Library Call Number GC75 .T48 2nd ed. 1874.

Figure 44. Otho Frederick Mueller's Dredge. A. D. 1750. Mueller was the first person to dredge for purely scientific reasons. Library Call Number GC75 .T48 2nd ed. 1874.

Figure 48. The stern derrick of the "Porcupine," showing the accumulator, the dredge, and the mode of stowing the rope. Library Call Number GC75 .T48 2nd ed. 1874.

Figure 50. Diagram of the relative position of the Vessel, the Weights, and the Dredge, in dredging in deep water. Library Call Number GC75 .T48 2nd ed. 1874.

Figure 51. Dredge with 'Hempen tangles." In: "The Depths of the Sea" by C. Wyville Thomson, 1874. P. 257. Library Call Number GC75 .T48 2nd ed. 1874.

Specimens 11-16 are Globigerina rubra, d'Orbigny. Specimen 17 is Globigerina dubia, Egger. In: "The Voyage of H. M. S. CHALLENGER Zoology", Vol. IX, Plate LXXIX. Library Call Number Q115.C4 1880 (Zoology) v. 9, Plates.

The CHALLENGER at Cumberland Bay, Juan Fernandez Island. In: "The Voyage of H. M. S. CHALLENGER Narrative", Chemistry and Physics, Vol. II, Section IV, p. 177. Library Call Number Q115.C4 1880 v.1 (Physics and Chemistry).

The CHALLENGER off Cape Challenger, Kerguelen Island. In: "The Voyage of H. M. S. CHALLENGER Narrative", Chemistry and Physics, Vol. II, Section IV, p. 108. Library Call Number Q115.C4 1880 v.1 (Physics and Chemistry).

Six's Thermometers as used on the CHALLENGER. In: "The Voyage of H. M. S. CHALLENGER Narrative", Vol. II, Appendix A, p. 5. Library Call Number Q115.C4 1880 v.II (Narrative).

Naturalist reading deep sea thermometers. In: "The Voyage of H. M. S. CHALLENGER A Summary....", Second Part, p. xv. Library Call Number Q115.C4 1880 summary pt. 2.

H. M. S. CHALLENGER under sail, 1874. In: "The Voyage of H. M. S. CHALLENGER A Summary....", Second Part, p. xix. Library Call Number Q115.C4 1880 summary pt. 2.

Naturalist's dream of mermaids collecting in the deep. In: "The Voyage of H. M. S. CHALLENGER A Summary....", Part I, p. xii. Library Call Number Q115.C4 1880 summary pt. 1.

Anemometer, thermometer, current drag, sextant, and carbonic acid apparatus. In: "The Voyage of H. M. S. CHALLENGER A Summary....", Part I, p. xxxi. Library Call Number Q115.C4 1880 summary pt. 1.

Whimsical view of the freedom and beauty of the sea. In: "The Voyage of H. M. S. CHALLENGER A Summary....", Part I, p. xxxv. Library Call Number Q115.C4 1880 summary pt. 1.

H. M. S. CHALLENGER preparing to sound, 1872. In: "The Voyage of H. M. S. CHALLENGER A Summary....", Part I, p. xxxix. Library Call Number Q115.C4 1880 summary pt. 1.

Sifting deposit looking for various forms of life from the deep sea. In: "The Voyage of H. M. S. CHALLENGER A Summary....", Part I, p. xlix. Library Call Number Q115.C4 1880 summary pt. 1.

Trawl, dredge, tow-net, water-bottle, sounding machine, and sieves. In: "The Voyage of H. M. S. CHALLENGER A Summary....", Part I, p. liii. Library Call Number Q115.C4 1880 summary pt. 1.

Bathymetric map of the Gulf of Alaska by Harold Murray of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The seamounts are named for C&GS hydrographers. In: "Submarine Mountains in the Gulf of Alaska" by Harold W. Murray of the C&GS. Published in Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 1941, Vol 52, pp. 333-362.

Dead Reckoning Lines in the Gulf of Alaska. Showing the systematic planning of tracklines year by year from 1925 to 1939 by the Coast and Geodetic Survey. In: "Submarine Mountains in the Gulf of Alaska" by Harold W. Murray of the C&GS. Published in Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 1941, Vol 52, pp. 333-362. Offprint call number: 526.98 M98.

Large submarine depression in the continental shelf off Prince of Wales Island discovered by the Coast and Geodetic Survey. In: "Submarine Mountains in the Gulf of Alaska" by Harold W. Murray of the C&GS. Published in Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 1941, Vol 52, pp. 333-362. Offprint call number: 526.98 M98.

Profiles of submarine mountains discovered in the Gulf of Alaska by systematic Coast and Geodetic tracklines between 1925 and 1939. Pratt and Welker are the prototype "guyots" described by Harry Hess a few years later. In: "Submarine Mountains in the Gulf of Alaska" by H. W. Murray. In: "Submarine Mountains in the Gulf of Alaska". Published in Bulletin of the GSA, V. 52, 1941

Profiles of Giacomini Seamount discovered in the Gulf of Alaska by systematic Coast and Geodetic tracklines between 1925 and 1939. In: "Submarine Mountains in the Gulf of Alaska" by Harold W. Murray of the C&GS. Published in Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 1941, Vol 52, pp. 333-362. Offprint call number: 526.98 M98.

Obtaining soundings in shallow water. In: "L'Ocean" by J. Thoulet, 1904. Library Call Number GC11.T49 1904.