A German map of the seafloor in the equatorial western Pacific. Uses the term "graben" for modern day "trench." This map was included in: "Das Deutsche Kolonialreich," by Hans Meyer, 1909. Vol II, p. 496. Library Call Number: Cfd M612 d

Bathymetric map of the United States continental shelf and slope off the New York Bight area. This map was derived from Coast and Geodetic Survey soundings and was published in the 1970's.

A plaster 3-D model of the Bowers Ridge and Basin. This feature is located north of the Aleutian Islands in the Bering Sea. This model was constructed by hand in 1967.

An early published diagram of the principle of echo-sounding. Published in Special Publication No. 3 of the International Hydrographic Bureau, October 1924 . This is among the earliest of published diagrams of the echo-sounding principle.

Preparing to launch a microbe sampler from the sounding platform. In: Richard, J., 1907, "L'Oceanographie," p. 258. Paris, Vuibert & Nony Editeurs. Library Call Number 525.8 R51.

The microbe sampler has disappeared into the sea. A complete view of the sounding platform. Richard, J., 1907, "L'Oceanographie," p. 258. Paris, Vuibert & Nony Editeurs. Library Call Number 525.8 R51.

Prince Albert I of Monaco on the bridge wing of PRINCESS ALICE II in1898. Richard, J., 1907, "L'Oceanographie," p. 254. Paris, Vuibert & Nony Editeurs. Library Call Number 525.8 R51.

Dr. L. Boutan's first underwater photography apparatus, 1893. In: Reighard , Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment. " Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

Dr. L. Boutan's second underwater photography apparatus, 1898. In: Reighard , Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment. " Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

Dr. L. Boutan's third underwater photography apparatus, 1898. In: Reighard , Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment. " Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

Operating Boutan's third apparatus from a boat by means of a string. In: Reighar d, Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment . " Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

Boutan's method of obtaining instantaneous photographs of fish. In: Reighard , Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment. " Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

Boutan's method for using a magnesium flashlight under water. In: Reighard , Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment. " Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

Water glass designed by Reighard for underwater observation or photography. In: Reighard, Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment," Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

Two-foot water glass used for study and photographing of lamprey. In: Reighard , Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment. " Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

Method of using the reflecting camera for photographic work. In: Reighard , Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment. " Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

Galvanized iron box with plate-glass front designed by Reighard for use with 5X7 camera. In: Reighard, Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment," " Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

Tripod top for inclining camera at any angle. In: Reighard , Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment. " Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

A reflecting camera shown in section. In: Reighard , Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment. " Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

Photograph taken in 4-feet of water off Tortugas Islands, Florida. In: Reighard , Jacob, 1907, "The Photography of Aquatic Animals in Their Natural Environment. " Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Vol. XXVII, 1907, pp. 41-68.

Possibly the earliest 3-D image of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This model was made from observations on board the German research vessel METEOR between 1925 and 1927. The model resided in the German Museum of the Sea in Berlin prior to the Second World War. In: Bessmertny, Alexander, 1932. "Das Atlantis Ratsel," plate 7, p. 72. Leipzig, R. Voightlander, Publisher. 572.4 B559a.

Early concept of the aqualung.

Captain Nemo observing a giant octopus from the viewing port of the submarine Nautilus. In Jules Verne's "20,000 Leagues under the Sea."

Observing marine life from the Submarine Nautilus. From Jules Verne's "20,000 Leagues under the Sea."

Lieutenant Don Walsh, USN, and Jacques Piccard in the bathyscaphe TRIESTE.

Scientists from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography study seafloor material acquired off the Aleutian Islands. It is believed that Harris B. Stewart, future Chief Oceanographer of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and founder of NOAA' s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories is the individual on the left. In: August Gribbin, 1968, "Sea Horizons," p. 65.

Current measuring device. In: Richard, J., 1907, "L'Oceanographie," p. 176. Paris, Vuibert & Nony Editeurs. Library Call Number 525.8 R51.

A green laser water penetration system devised by Sylvania Electronic Systems in the late 1970's. Although advertised for fisheries use, this technology has evolved into LIDAR, a system for measuring shallow-water bathymetry and also for into a rapid terrain mapping technique. In: Farooq Hussain, 1970, "Living Underwater, " p. 87. Library Call Number GC65 H8 1970b.

The very earliest rendition of a bathymetric map of an oceanic basin. Matthew Fontaine Maury published this map in 1853 in "Explanations and Sailing Directions to Accompany the Wind and Current Charts ...." This image was obtained through the courtesy of the United States Naval Observatory Gilliss Library.

The very earliest rendition of a bathymetric map of an oceanic basin. Matthew Fontaine Maury published this map in 1853 in "Explanations and Sailing Directions to Accompany the Wind and Current Charts ...." This image was obtained through the courtesy of the United States Naval Observatory Gilliss Library.

Title page to "Explanations and Sailing Directions to Accompany the Wind and Current Charts ...." The very first bathymetric map of an oceanic basin was published in this document. This image was obtained through the courtesy of the United States Naval Observatory Gilliss Library.

Map from the first systematic ocean mapping surveys. These surveys were conducted by the Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship PIONEER between 1961-63. C&GS ships plied between Hawaii and the Aleutians on Project Seamap until the early 1970's.

Map from the first systematic ocean mapping surveys. These surveys were conducted by the Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship PIONEER between 1961-63. C&GS ships plied between Hawaii and the Aleutians on Project Seamap until the early 1970's.

Reginald Fessenden and his electric oscillator, the first acoustic device to receive echoes from the bottom as well as from an obstruction in the water. The oscillator was designed as an underwater signalling, communication, and obstruction avoidance device. In "Submarine Signaling," Scientific American Supplement, No. 2071, pp. 168-170, Sept. 11, 1915.

Reginald Fessenden and his electric oscillator, the first acoustic device to receive echoes from the bottom as well as from an obstruction in the water. The oscillator was designed as an underwater signalling, communication, and obstruction avoidance device. In "Submarine Signaling," Scientific American Supplement, No. 2071, pp. 168-170, Sept. 11, 1915.

Images relating to acoustic signaling by means of Reginald Fessenden's electric oscillator. In "Submarine Signaling," Scientific American Supplement, No. 2071, pp. 168-170, Sept. 11, 1915.

A submarine bell-buoy equipped for underwater signaling ready for installation off South Africa. In "Submarine Signaling," Scientific American Supplement, No. 2071, pp. 168-170, Sept. 11, 1915.

Demonstrating listening device, very similar to a telephone, used on board ships with submarine signaling apparatus. In: "Submarine Signaling," Scientific American Supplement, No. 2071, pp. 168-170, Sept. 11, 1915.

Submarine signal apparatus installed on a lightship and ready to be lowered to 25 feet below the surface. In "Submarine Signaling," Scientific American Supplement, No. 2071, pp. 168-170, Sept. 11, 1915.

A large passenger ship with its Fessenden oscillator in the water ready for use. In "Submarine Signaling," Scientific American Supplement, No. 2071, pp. 168-170, Sept. 11, 1915.

Landing for submarine cable attached to submarine signaling bell buoy.

The United States Revenue Cutter MIAMI close to an iceberg similar to that which destroyed the TITANIC. On April 27, 1914, Fessenden oscillator was tested off the MIAMI and received signals both from an ice berg and the bottom. In "Submarine Signaling," Scientific American Supplement, No. 2071, pp. 168-170, Sept. 11, 1915.

Detail of "A diver in full costume making a sensational descent." Cover of "Scientific American Supplement," Vol. LXXX, Number 2077, October 23, 1915.

"A diver in full costume making a sensational descent." Cover of "Scientific American Supplement," Vol. LXXX, Number 2077, October 23, 1915.

Plate X, Whales, of "Explanations and Sailing Directions, to Accompany the Wind and Current Charts ...." Third Edition, 1851.

Deep Tow, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Chief Scientists Dick Hey and Bob Tyce. Cruise to the propagating rift on the Galapagos Ridge. On R/V THOMAS WASHINGTON.

Deep Tow, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Chief Scientists Dick Hey and Bob Tyce. Cruise to the propagating rift on the Galapagos Ridge. On R/V THOMAS WASHINGTON.

Deep Tow, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Chief Scientists Dick Hey and Bob Tyce. Cruise to the propagating rift on the Galapagos Ridge. On R/V THOMAS WASHINGTON.

Deep Tow, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Chief Scientists Dick Hey and Bob Tyce. Cruise to the propagating rift on the Galapagos Ridge. On R/V THOMAS WASHINGTON.

Deep Tow, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Chief Scientists Dick Hey and Bob Tyce. Cruise to the propagating rift on the Galapagos Ridge. On R/V THOMAS WASHINGTON.