"Hydrographic Map of the Siberian Sea". Although unattributed, this appears to be data acquired during the voyage of the VEGA across the Northeast Passage from northern Europe to the Pacific Ocean 1878-1879. Leader of the Swedish scientific expedition was Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiold and the captain of the vessel was Louis Palander, a Swedish naval officer.

"Hydrographic Map of the Kara Sea". Although unattributed, this appears to be data acquired during the voyage of the VEGA across the Northeast Passage be data acquired during the voyage of the VEGA across the Northeast Passage Swedish scientific expedition was Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiold and the captain of the vessel was Louis Palander, a Swedish naval officer.

Russian map of Arctic Ocean north of Siberia. Longitude from 120 to 137 East. Latitude from 70 30 N to 74 N. Original map apparently produced sometime after 1884 as that is the latest date found on the map.

"Physical Map of the Arctic" translated and revised by the American Geographical Society of New York from map in Andree's Handatlas, 8th Edition, 1924. Published by AGS in 1929.

Stages in the production of the famous basketball bathymetric globe produced by Bruce Heezen and Marie Tharp in their quest to understand the physiography of the seafloor. These models reside in the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division.

Stages in the production of the famous basketball bathymetric globe produced by Bruce Heezen and Marie Tharp in their quest to understand the physiography of the seafloor. These models reside in the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division.

Stages in the production of the famous basketball bathymetric globe produced by Bruce Heezen and Marie Tharp in their quest to understand the physiography of the seafloor. These models reside in the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division.

Stages in the production of the famous basketball bathymetric globe produced by Bruce Heezen and Marie Tharp in their quest to understand the physiography of the seafloor. These models reside in the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division.

Stages in the production of the famous basketball bathymetric globe produced by Bruce Heezen and Marie Tharp in their quest to understand the physiography of the seafloor. These models reside in the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division.

Stages in the production of the famous basketball bathymetric globe produced by Bruce Heezen and Marie Tharp in their quest to understand the physiography of the seafloor. These models reside in the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division.

Continental slope of the western Alaska Beaufort Sea.

The Atlantis Massif or Seamount is bounded to the east by the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and to the south by the Atlantis Fracture Zone. It rises 14,000 feet from the seafloor and is a bit larger than the Cascade Volcano Mt. Rainier. It was formed by faulting rather than volcanic activity. The Lost City vent field is located near the top on crust that is 1.5 million year old.

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge hosts numerous hydrothermal vent fields. Logatchev, Rainbow, and Saldahna are underlain by variable mixtures of deeper crustal rocks (gabbro and peridotite) and both Logatchev and Rainbow host high-temp black smokers. The other fields are also black smokers but are hosted on volcanic rocks. Lost City is the only known field composed of carbonate chimneys.

Generalized cartoon showing the various "layers" of rock that make up the oceanic crust. At Lost City, long-lived faulting has stripped off much of the overlying crust, which has resulted in exposure of peridotite rocks at the surface of the seafloor.

This map identifies the cruise operations accomplished during the Northeast Lau Response Cruise in 2009. This cruise focused on the eruptive sites at West Mata and the Northeast Lau spreading center. The inset puts the operations area in geographic context. Volcano "O" is a remarkable volcanic caldera.

Bathymetry of the Kara Sea west of Novaya Zemlya measured in the summer of 1870 by the Norwegian expedition. Published in Petermann's Geographische Mittheilungen, 1871.

Temperature in the Kara Sea in summer observed in 1869 and 1870. Published in Petermann's Geographische Mittheilungen, 1871.

Bathymetrical Chart of the Oceans - Showing the "Deeps" according to Sir John Murray. Published in Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1899.

An overall perspective of the multibeam sonar data collected over the Mid-Cayman Rise by the Okeanos Explorer. The perspective is looking west-north-west, and Mount Dent is seen in the foreground.

Multibeam 50m grid of the area around Mount Dent collected by the EM302. This and the backscatter image, although generated from the same data file, provide very different information about the same area of the seafloor.

Overview of the working area in the Cayman Trench from Google Earth (lower right) with an arrow showing a detailed oblique view from Smith and Sandwell data bathymetric data.

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A three-dimensional view of the floor of the Mediterranean produced through the auspices of Prince Albert of Monaco in 1917. Published in Revue du Ciel, January 1921, p. 982. The state of knowledge of the Mediterranean Sea at that time.

Reproduction of the large map of the moon by the Abbe Moreux. Published in Revue du Ciel, July 1921, p. 1094. An example of the surface of the moon being better mapped than the floor of the ocean, a situation that exists to this day.

Figure 61 from "Popular Astronomy" by Camille Flammarion translated by J. Ellard Gore; published in 1894. An example of the surface of the moon being better mapped than the floor of the ocean, a situation that exists to this day.

Plate III. Second Cruise of H.M.S. PORCUPINE -1869. Published in "The Depths of the Sea" by C. Wyville Thomson in 1873. Prolific life forms were brought to the surface from dredge station 37 in 2435 fathoms depth exploding forever the 300-fathom azoic theory of Edward Forbes and paving the way for the British Government to support the CHALLENGER Expedition.

Map accompanying first edition of IHO Publication Limits of Oceans and Seas, Special Publication 23.

Map accompanying second edition of IHO Publication Limits of Oceans and Seas, Special Publication 23.

First attempt to draw a profile of the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. In: Maury's 1853 edition of Wind and Current Charts.

First bathymetric map ever produced. Map of floor of North Atlantic Ocean in Maury's 1853 edition of Wind and Current Charts.

Bathymetric map of North Atlantic Ocean showing the track of H.M.S. CHALLENGER produced in 1873 by Augustus Petermann and published in Petermann's Geographische Mitheilungen for 1873, Map 24.

Western portion of profile of North Atlantic Ocean published in "Evolution of Earth Structure" by T.M. Reade, 1903. P. 86.

Eastern portion of profile of North Atlantic Ocean published in "Evolution of Earth Structure" by T.M. Reade, 1903. P. 86.

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