A good catch of large sharks from great depth. These fish were caught on longline set at 1440 meters depth. The species is Centroscymnus coelolepis. Plate VII, print 10. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

A view from at sea of the Formigas Islands of the Azores. Plate VII, print 11. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

A view of the ship from the Formigas Islands off the Azores. Plate VII, print 12. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

Companions on the voyage to Spitzberg. From bottom to top: J. Richard; F. Baraduc, the medical doctor; H. Neuville, a naturalist; A. Fuhrmeister, personal secretary to the Prince; Lovatelli, an artist and painter; W. S. Bruce, polar explorer. Plate VIII, print 1. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

On board the PRINCESS ALICE. Left to right: A. Fuhrmeister; H. Neuville; a helmsman; Dr. Minelle; Mademoiselle Jeanne Le Roux. Plate VIII, print 2. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

The pilot in ice. Plate VIII, print 3. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

A Buchanan tube sounder with its weights ready for deployment. Plate VIII, print 4. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

Longline operations. Plate VIII, print 5. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

Tending the return of the longline. Plate VIII, print 6. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

The faithful Redinger, laboratory assistant on board the ship. Plate VIII, print 7. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

Buoy for a fish trap. Plate VIII, print 8. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

A sampling net with two screens. Plate VIII, print 9. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

Bouree high-speed net for rapid towing. Plate VIII, print 10. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

Translated as a "Comfortable position for the traveller!", obviously a bit of humor. The sailor is passing a line over the pulley to keep it from striking end of the boom during Bouree net towing operations. Plate VIII, print 11. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

A beautiful physalia in a glass sample jar. Plate VIII, print 12. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

Launching points for a series of drifting floats for determining surface currents and velocity. These floats were launched from late on July 26, 1885, to early morning of July 28, 1885. Plate B, right. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

Temperature profiles taken in the Gulf of Gascogne in 1886 by the HIRONDELLE. Plate B, left. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

Scientific campaigns of the HIRONDELLE in the late summers of 1885 and 1886. Plate C. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

Figures 1, 2, and 3 are the barometer records of various storms encountered by the HIRONDELLE in 1887. Figure 4 is a record of barometric pressure during periods of hazy mist and clearing. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

Figure 5 - Net of M. Chun modified during the third campaign of the HIRONDELLE in 1887. Figures 4, 6, 10, and 11 are all views of Spitzberg. Plate G. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

Figure 5 - Net of M. Chun modified during the third campaign of the HIRONDELLE in 1887. Plate G. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

Positions of errant mines that broke away from moorings during the First World War and recovered in the North Atlantic between November 7, 1918, and February 9 , 1920. The apparent positions and motions of these mines conform to the model of circulation formulated by Prince Albert I of Monaco. Plate H. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

Nets for trawling in surface waters and for trawling in deep water and over the bottom. Note the "tangles" with all of the marine life caught up in them. Apparatus, Plate I. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

A variety of types of equipment and fittings including the lock sounder of the HIRONDELLE, figures 1 and 2; metallic fish trap with electric lamp devised by Dr. Regnard, figure 3; spherical floats used for studies of the Gulf Stream, figures 6 and 7; and detail of a robinette for use with the sounding system, figure 8. Plate II, left side. "Results of the Scient. Campaign..." Vol. 84.

Lock sounder of the HIRONDELLE. Figure 1 is a view as it makes contact with the bottom. Figure 2 shows the sounding tube sampler returning to the surface after jettisoning its weights. Plate II, left side. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

A variety of types of equipment used on the HIRONDELLE including: cylindrical metallic fish trap, figure 4; polyhedral fish trap, built on the HIRONDELLE in 1888, figure 5; details of robinette associated with HIRONDELLE sounder, figures 9 and 10; special floats for use with Gulf Stream studies - figure 11 is a cutaway view showing the message and figure 12 shows the floating configuration.

Polyhedral fish trap system with recovery buoy in upper left. Height, 1.46 meters; width, 0.83 meters; length, 1.74 meters. Plate II, figure 5. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

Prince Albert's ships, figure 6 - the HIRONDELLE; Figure 10 - PRINCESS ALICE II; figure 11 - PRINCESS ALICE; figure 13 - the HIRONDELLE II. Figure 7 - a weighted barrel float. Figures 8 and 9, the dynanometer with springs in an enclosed frame. Plate III. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

The HIRONDELLE. Plate III, figure 6. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

The PRINCESS ALICE II. Plate III, figure 10. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

The PRINCESS ALICE. Plate III, figure 11. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

The HIRONDELLE II. Plate III, figure 13. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 84.

PRINCESS ALICE sounding machine. The mechanic Le Tac is behind the sounding wire reel. Dr. Richard looks at the counter which registers the depth reached. Plate I print 13. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

The laboratory on the PRINCESS ALICE. Left to right: M. L. Tinayre, artist; Dr. Portier; Dr. J. Richard. Plate II, print 19. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89.

The name of the U.S. Fish Commission Ship ALBATROSS inscribed in the facade of the Oceanographic Museum at Monaco.

The name of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship BLAKE inscribed in the facade of the Oceanographic Museum at Monaco.

The Gulf Stream by Athanasius Kircher. From "Mundus Subterraneus"

Atlantic currents by Happelius. From "Relationes Curiosae"

The Gulf Stream by Benjamin Franklin

The Gulf Stream by Governor Pownall

The Gulf Stream by Jonathan Williams

The Gulf Stream by Major James Rennell

The Gulf Stream

The Gulf Stream by the Coast Survey. Based on a series of studies beginning in 1845. The Coast Survey established a number of sections for repeated observations. The first systematic oceanographic studies of the Gulf Stream. Integrated oceanography, marine geology, and meteorology into these cruises

Steam winch with steel wire. Steel wire for deepsea dredging was first used on the BLAKE. This innovation was the result of collaboration between Charles D. Sigsbee and Alexander Agassiz. It was Agassiz's idea to replace hemp rope with steel cable mining technology. In: "Deep-Sea Sounding and Dredging", by Charles D. Sigsbee. 1880. Plate 30, p. 152. Call Number GC75 .S53.

Sigsbee Sounding Machine - invented by Charles D. Sigsbee and modified from Thomson Sounding Machine. Basic design of ocean sounding instruments stayed the same for the next 50 years. Here the sounding machine is used to set a Pillsbury current meter at a known depth. In: "The Gulf Stream", by John Elliott Pillsbury, 1891. Call Number GC296.G9 P54 1891.

The Pillsbury Current Meter which was invented by John Elliott Pillsbury. This instrument was used in Gulf Stream studies. In: "The Gulf Stream" by John Elliott Pillsbury, 1891. Call Number GC296.G9 P54 1891.

Current meter. In: "The Gulf Stream", by John Elliott Pillsbury, 1891. Call Number GC296.G9 P54 1891.

Diagram of possible sound wave paths in water. Wave-path O-C-E came close to describing refractive path of sound in SOFAR layer . Sound path model developed in 1930's for radio acoustic ranging work. Didn't yet understand the channeling effect of the velocity minimum. Furthest RAR use was out to 206 miles offshore in 1925

Stations used by Maurice Ewing in 1st offshore seismic reflection experiment. Conducted on board C&GS Ship OCEANOGRAPHER. Helped prove feasibility of measuring depth to basement rock from a ship. Work done with C&GS because of radio acoustic ranging experience. The beginning of offshore geophysical exploration