Ewing marine camera photo of bottom on continental shelf. Camera deployed from C&GS ship BOWEN. Inshore oceanographic studies

Piston coring device deployed from C&GS ship BOWEN. Inshore oceanographic studies

Paulson pipe dredge deployed from C&GS Ship PATHFINDER.

Dredging operations on the EXPLORER. Seattle to Norfolk trip 1960 marked renaissance of oceanography in C&GS. Under direction of Dr. Harris B. Stewart

C&GS Ship PIONEER under Golden Gate Bridge. Magnetometer invented at Scripps deployed on this ship in late 1950's. Surveys from Pt. Conception to Cape Flattery discovered magnetic striping. Magnetic striping led to Theory of Seafloor Spreading. H. W. Menard called "among most significant geophysical surveys ever made"

Early magnetic profiles from PIONEER surveys. Shows repeating pattern and offset at Mendocino Fracture Zone. Serendipitous that survey lines primarily east-west. Otherwise magnetic striping would not have showed clearly

Dredge haul on EXPLORER. Thongs are asking for crushed foot

Fluxgate Magnetometer on deck of PIONEER. Believe same instrument used on late 1950's surveys

High-speed Nekton tow off of EXPLORER. Seattle to Norfolk trip also integrated biological studies

Angelo Ferrara operating velocimeter. Instrument to measure velocity of sound in water

Angelo Ferrara operating winch for velocimeter. Instrument to measure velocity of sound in water

Deploying Fluxgate magnetometer on EXPLORER.

Deploying Fluxgate magnetometer on EXPLORER. Harris B. Stewart in black shirt

Deploying Fluxgate magnetometer on EXPLORER. Harris B. Stewart in black shirt

Deploying Shipek camera on EXPLORER. Harris B. Stewart in black shirt. Carl Shipek is in the middle with the cap on.

V. Ralph Sobieralski checking Precision Depth Recorder. On PIONEER during Kwajalein Island cable route survey.

Test of V-fin thumper in water used for bottom penetration acoustics. Provided continuous sub-bottom profile. Off of EXPLORER

Deploying V-fin thumper during test. Provided continuous sub-bottom profile. Off of EXPLORER

Deep ocean bottom photograph. Off of EXPLORER

Deep ocean bottom photograph

Deploying Nansen cast from PATHFINDER

Oceanographic laboratory on the PIONEER. Harley D. Nygren on right. On early ocean mapping project - Hawaii to Aleutians

Harley D. Nygren with Nansen bottle on the PIONEER. On early ocean mapping project - Hawaii to Aleutians

Deploying bottom mounted gravity meter off of BOWIE. Establishing gravity range for calibration of underway gravity meters

Deepsea bottom photograph off of EXPLORER. Test of camera system

Feasibility studies for potential nuclear waste dump site. Conducted for Atomic Energy Commission

Deploying bottom mounted gravity meter off of BOWIE. Establishing gravity range for calibration of underway gravity meters

Deploying bottom mounted gravity meter off of BOWIE. Establishing gravity range for calibration of underway gravity meters

Early sidescan sonar record showing targets. Tests run on HILGARD ASV-82

Early sidescan sonar record showing targets. Tests run on HILGARD ASV-82

Early sidescan sonar record showing targets. Tests run on HILGARD ASV-82

Example of Gulf Stream thermal wedge. Sounding artifact created by abrupt changes in water temperature. Observed on EXPLORER

Detail of Gulf Stream thermal wedge. Detail of Precision Depth Recorder record showing artifact. Observed on EXPLORER

Chart showing location of Gulf Stream thermal wedge. Observed on EXPLORER

Sidescan sonar system on SURVEYOR. Used to explore for offshore extension of San Andreas Fault

Recovery of sidescan sonar system on SURVEYOR. Used to explore for offshore extension of San Andreas Fault

V-fin served as underwater kite to bring sensor close to bottom. Housed bottom penetration sonar. Deployed off of EXPLORER

Camera station on east rift of Mauna Kea. Cooperative studies between C&GS and USGS. Deployed off of SURVEYOR

Boomerang corer rigged for release. OCEANOGRAPHER maiden voyage. Eclipse expedition to South America

Hoisting deepsea current meter assemblage over starboard rail. Gulf Stream studies off the EXPLORER

Lowering a current meter buoy over the side and into the Gulf Stream. Deployment from EXPLORER

Fred Naugler with Nansen cast. North Pacific oceanographic studies on the SURVEYOR

Dredge sample on deck - all hands want to see what's there. On the bow of the SURVEYOR

Vice Admiral H. Arnold Karo. Expedition leader on OCEANOGRAPHER round the world cruise. Karo was responsible for building the NOAA fleet of the 60's through early 90's Karo's vision was the multi-disciplinary ship. OCEANOGRAPHER used for physical, geophysical, and meteorological oceanography

OCEANOGRAPHER hosting Princess Grace of Monaco. Captain Arthur Wardwell to her left. Inport at Monaco on first leg of around the world expedition OCEANOGRAPHER around the world cruise

OCEANOGRAPHER in Odessa, USSR. Conducted cooperative studies with USSR in Black Sea. OCEANOGRAPHER around the world cruise

Deep discovered by OCEANOGRAPHER in Red Sea. This and other similar deeps contained hot brines. Another confirmation of the Theory of Seafloor Spreading. OCEANOGRAPHER around the world cruise

Water sample bottles in a mess. Caption - "Sometimes things go wrong". OCEANOGRAPHER around the world cruise

H. Arnold Karo conferring with Russian and Indian scientists. OCEANOGRAPHER around the world cruise.

Micronekton net deployed. OCEANOGRAPHER around the world cruise