Testing the lift of a meteorological kite filled with hydrogren on the PRINCESS ALICE. This ship was the earliest to conduct upper-air studies at sea. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912. Figure 24, p. 30. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Two meteorological balloons ready to launch from the PRINCESS ALICE. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 25, p. 32. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

The instrument package being launched by the balloon is shown above the sailors. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 26, p. 33. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

The PRINCESS ALICE at Cross Bay, Spitzbergen. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 36, p. 48. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Three sailors sailing on the oceanographic yachts of Prince Albert of Monaco. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 37 p. 48. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

The Museum of Oceanography at Monaco begun by Prince Albert of Monaco. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 38, p. 49. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Physalia physalis - Portuguese Man of War. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, p. 57. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Inspecting a small plankton net. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 49, p. 61. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Seafloor dredging. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 50, p. 63. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Emptying the trawl of its catch. Prince Albert is standing by watching in the upper center of the photograph. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 52, p. 67. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Plesiopeneus edwardsianus. A small shrimp with long antennae. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, p. 72. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Trawling apparatus deployed on the PRINCESS ALICE. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 60, p. 73. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Deploying the doors of the trawling apparatus. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912 Fig 61, p. 74. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Sorting the catch obtained while trawling. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 62. P. 74. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Preparing to deploy a fish trap. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 63. P. 75. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Deploying a fish trap. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 64. P. 75. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 74. P. 85. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Displaying part of the catch. Even Prince Albert is holding a shark. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 75. P. 85. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Descent of a vertical net which will then be pulled straight up on the return. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 76. P. 88. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Recovering the vertical net. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 77. P. 89. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Preparing the cannon and harpoon for whale hunting. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 83. P. 93. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Firing the harpoon. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 84. P. 94. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Deploying the Bouree net. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 89. P. 99. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Recovering the Bouree net. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 90. P. 100. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Deep sea fish: Opistoproctus grimaldi and Stomias. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, P. 104. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

A deep sea fish: Cololepis longidens. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 98. P. 105. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

A giant squid observed off Teneriffe in November 1861. Perhaps the inspiration for Jules Vernes' "20,000 Leagues under the Sea." In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 108. P. 115. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Dr. Richard acquiring specimens from a small plankton-sampling net. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig.110. P. 127. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

The laboratory on the Princess Alice with Dr. Richard, Dr. Portier, and Monsieur Tinayre. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 113. P. 129. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

The L'HIRONDELLE, the first ship used by the Prince Albert, at anchor. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Bouree, 1912, Fig. 116. P. 134. Library Call Number 525.8 B77.

Piano-wire sounding maching developed by Sir William Thomson, later Lord Kelvin. This machine was used by George Belknap to sound from the U. S. S. TUSCARORA in a cable survey across the North Pacific. He shipped it to Charles Sigsbee on the C&GS Steamer BLAKE who modified the machine to become the Sigsbee Sounding Machine. In: "150 Years of Service on the Seas ...." Call No.GC29.2.U5 P5.

A sounding record from the U. S. S. TUSCARORA. In: "150 years of service on the seas : a pictorial history of the U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office", by Marc Pinsel, 1982. Library Call Number GC29.2.U5 P5.

A diagram of the old wiredrag system as developed by Nicholas Heck, Jean Hawley, and others in the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Prior to the development of sidescan sonar, this was the only method to find protrusions from the bottom that occurred between sounding lines.

A diagram of the old wiredrag system as developed by Nicholas Heck, Jean Hawley, and others in the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Prior to the development of sidescan sonar, this was the only method to find protrusions from the bottom that occurred between sounding lines. This diagram was published in the "Military Engineer", 1924, p. 228.

A diagram of the "new"wiredrag system as operated off the NOAA Ships RUDE and HECK in 1986. Little change in design or concept had occurred between 1924 and 1986.

A bottom temperature map published in "Three Cruises of the Blake", Alexander Agassiz, 1888. p. 218. The majority of these temperatures were obtained by the CHALLENGER Expedition. The cold pool in the southwest Atlantic Ocean is indicative of no communication between the southwest and southeast Atlantic basins as the result of an obstruction - the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A bottom sediment map. Published in "Three Cruises of the Blake", Alexander Agassiz, 1888. P. 286. The majority of the sediment samples in this map were obtained as the result of Coast Survey expeditions between the 1840's and 1880's. Library Call Number QH93.A26 1888 v.1.

A bottom sediment map showing the density of deep sea soundings as well published by Sir John Murray of the CHALLENGER.

Sounding technique used by Sir James Clark Ross in obtaining first modern deep sea sounding on January 3, 1840 at Latitude 27 26 S and Longitude 17 29 W. The observed depth was 2,425 fathoms. On January 22, 1968, the ESSA Ship DISCOVERER sounded at the same location with a modern echo-sounder and measured 2312 fathoms, less than a 5 per cent error for Ross's observation.

Sir John Murray of the CHALLENGER.

His Serene Royal Highness Prince Albert of Monaco.

Figure 17. - The dredging and sounding arrangements on board the CHALLENGER. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 65. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 1. - The Natural History work-room of the CHALLENGER In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 26. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 3. - The apparatus for collecting the atmospheric gases from sea-water. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 37. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 4. - The carbonic acid apparatus. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 40. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 5. - The gas analysis apparatus. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 43. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 10. - The "Slip Water-Bottle." In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 49. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 12. - Buchanan's "Stop-cock Water Bottle." In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 53. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 14. - The Baillie Sounding Machine. In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 61. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.

Figure 15. - The Valve Sounding Lead (in section). In: "The Voyage of the CHALLENGER - The Atlantic" Vol I, by Sir C. Wyville Thomson, 1878. P. 62. Library Call Number Q 115.C59 1878. v. 1.