Drawing of zooplankton observed by Ellen Toynbee on board the British East Indiaman GLORIANA in the Indian Ocean in 1857. This is one of the first instances of a woman engaging in any aspect of marine biology. In: Maury, M. F., 1858. "...Wind and Current Charts". Vol. I, Eighth Edition, New and Enlarged. Plate XXIX. PP. 219-220 for Toynbee letter.

Letter from Ellen Toynbee on board the British East Indiaman GLORIANA in the Indian Ocean in 1857 to Matthew Fontaine Maury. This is one of the first published instances of a woman engaging in any aspect of marine biology. In: Maury, M. F., 1858. "...Wind and Current Charts". Vol. I, Eighth Edition, New and Enlarged. PP. 219-220.

Letter from Ellen Toynbee on board the British East Indiaman GLORIANA in the Indian Ocean in 1857 to Matthew Fontaine Maury. This is one of the first published instances of a woman engaging in any aspect of marine biology. In: Maury, M. F., 1858. "...Wind and Current Charts". Vol. I, Eighth Edition, New and Enlarged. PP. 219-220.

William Scoresby's Marine Diver, used to obtain water samples from below the surface of the ocean. In Scoresby's "An Account of the Arctic Regions", Vol. II, 1820. Library Call No. G 742 . S42 1820.

An illustration of Scoresby's Improved Magnetic Needle for use with a compass. In Scoresby's "An Account of the Arctic Regions", Vol. II, 1820. Library Call No. G 742 . S42 1820.

A stone lance probably used by Greenland Eskimos that was found embedded in a whale. In Scoresby's "An Account of the Arctic Regions", Vol. II, 1820. Library Call No. G 742 . S42 1820.

Various zooplankton depicted in William Scoresby's "An Account of the Arctic Regions", Vol. II, 1820. Library Call No. G 742 . S42 1820.

Ctenophores (comb jellies) and a clione (shell-less gastropod , Figure 10) and other planktonic creatures in William Scoresby's "An Account of the Arctic Regions", Vol. II, 1820. Library Call No. G 742 . S42 1820.

Ctenophores (comb jellies) in William Scoresby's "An Account of the Arctic Regions", Vol. II, 1820. Library Call No. G 742 . S42 1820.

A clione, a shell-less gastropod, in William Scoresby's "An Account of the Arctic Regions", Vol. II, 1820. Library Call No. G 742 . S42 1820.

Various planktonic crustaceans including a euphausiid shrimp, Figure 13, a copepod, Figure 15, and other small creatures in William Scoresby's " An Account of the Arctic Regions", Vol. II. Library Call No. G 742 . S42 1820.

A temperature variation diagram showing the sinusoidal change in temperature at London, Stockholm, and 78 degrees North Latitude in William Scoresby's, "An Account of the Arctic Regions", Vol. II. Library Call No. G 742 . S42 1820.

Title page to "Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. Actinia in different degrees of expansion. The same Actinia (Metridium marginata) fully expanded. A sea anemone.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. A sea anemone.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. A sea anemone.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. A holothurian.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. A jellyfish, Cyanea arctica.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. A holothurian.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. A sea urchin.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. A sea urchin shell showing the structure.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. A sand dollar.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. A starfish.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. A brittlestar.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. Astrophyton, a Basket-fish (Basket star); in a natural attitude.

From ""Seaside Studies in Natural History" by Elizabeth C. Agassiz and Alexander Agassiz. A crinoid.

Various marine snails collected during the voyage of the Fish Commission Steamer ALBATROSS to the Tropical Pacific headed by Alexander Agassiz.

Cover of the "CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK", a series of sketches made by B. Shepard, a British crewman on the CHALLENGER for the first half of its circum-navigation. This book was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum, in a Boston book store.

Title page to the "CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK", a series of sketches made by B. Shepard, a British crewman on the CHALLENGER for the first half of its circum-navigation. This book was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum, in a Boston book store.

First page of the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard, a crewmember of the CHALLENGER. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text was developed by Harris B. Stewart, oceanographer, marine science historian, and then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"What We Got and How We Got It" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text was developed by Harris B. Stewart, oceanographer, marine science historian, and then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER leaving Gibraltar" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text was developed by Harris B. Stewart, oceanographer, marine science historian, and then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER leaving Madeira 1873" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text was developed by Harris B. Stewart, oceanographer, marine science historian, and then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER Entering St. Thomass. March 16, 1873" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text was developed by Harris B. Stewart, oceanographer, marine science historian, and then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Towing the abandoned ship BARUNER into St. Thomass. March 18, 1873" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Text developed by Harris B. Stewart, oceanographer and marine science historian, then head of NOAA's AOML.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER Entering Bermuda. April 3, 1873" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text was developed by Harris B. Stewart, oceanographer, marine science historian, and then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER Leaving Halifax, Nova Scotia, May 19, 1873. H.M.S. ALFRED, Cheering, Us Out" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text by Harris B. Stewart, then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER in a gale in the Gulf of Florida. May 21, 1873" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text by Harris B. Stewart, then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER. St. Michall. July 7, 1873" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text was developed by Harris B. Stewart, oceanographer, marine science historian, and then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER Entering St. Vincent, July 27, 1873" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text was developed by Harris B. Stewart, oceanographer, marine science historian, and then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER, at St. Vincent. & H.M. Troop Ship SIMOON leaving fore the Gold Coast, with Marines, July 30, 1873" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text by Harris B. Stewart, oceanographer and marine science historian, then head of NOAA AOML.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER, on her way to St. Paul Rocks, Agst 1873" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text by Harris B. Stewart, then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER made fast to St. Paul's Rocks, Agst 28, 1873" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text by Harris B. Stewart, then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER, leaving St. Paul's Rocks, Agst 29 1873" from the CHALLENGER SKETCHBOOK by B. Shepard. This work was discovered by J. Welles Henderson, a benefactor of the Philadelphia Maritime Museum. Accompanying text by Harris B. Stewart, then head of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER, leaving Fanando-de-Noronah. Sept.30, 1873"

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER, off Tristan de Cunha, October 14, 1873"

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER, at Tristan de Cunha, October 14, 1873"

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER, visit to Inaccessible Island, Oct. 16, 1873. Takeing tow abonded me away, setting fire to their dwelling." These were not abandoned men, but actually two men who had landed their two years before in an unsuccessful attempt to make their fortune in sealing.

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER, leaving Nighting-Gale-Islands, Oct. 17, 1873"

"H.M.S. CHALLENGER, arrive at Simons Bay Cape of Good Hope, Oct. 28, 1873"