Using an Angstrom pyranometer ( an albedometer) to measure albedo. Albedo is the ratio of the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected by a body to the amount incident upon it, commonly expressed as a percentage. Ice has a very high albedo while dark surfaces have low albedo. In: "Monthly Weather Review," March 1931, p. 118.

Evaporation station and check pan at private laboratory of Robert Horton. In: "Monthly Weather Review," 1919 September, p. 608.

L.- mercurial barometer. R. - sling psychrometer. In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 306.

Top of the U. S. Weather Bureau Building in Washington, D. C. In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 307.

Rain-gauge. In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 314.

Tipping-bucket rain gauge. In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 314.

The Robinson anemometer. In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 316.

The triple register used to record hours, minutes, and wind velocity. In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 318.

The triple register used to record hours, minutes, and wind velocity. In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 318.

L. - Jordan's sunshine recorder. R. - Marvin's sunshine recorder. In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 318.

Large image is Marvin barograph. Lower left image is Marvin nephoscope. In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 324.

Richard's Thermograph In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 326.

Richard's Barograph In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 326.

Marvin meteorograph In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 328.

Weather kite with Marvin meteorograph attached In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 328.

Marvin's kite reel. Note wire extending out to flying kite. In: The Aims and Methods of Meteorological Work by Cleveland Abbe. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 329.

Office of the Weather Bureau at Johns Hopkins University In: Outline of the Present Knowledge of Meteorology and Climatology of Maryland by F. J. Walz. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 422.

Roof of Weather Bureau building showing instruments at Johns Hopkins University In: Outline of the Present Knowledge of Meteorology and Climatology of Maryland by F. J. Walz. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 428.

Interior of Weather Bureau office at Johns Hopkins University In: Outline of the Present Knowledge of Meteorology and Climatology of Maryland by F. J. Walz. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume I. Page 428.

U. S. Weather Bureau Office, 532 North Howard Street, Baltimore. In: Outline of the Present Knowledge of Meteorology and Climatology of Maryland by F. J. Walz. In: Maryland Weather Service, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1899. Volume II. Page 300.

Robinson's Anemometer, a cup anemometer used to measure wind speed. In: A Treatise on Meteorology by Elias Loomis. New York, Harper & Brothers, 1880. Figure 31, page 68. Call Number QC 861 .L66 1880.

A simple weather station with shelter, rain gauge, and thermometers.

This Army Signal Service weather station was erected on Cape Mendocino, the westernmost point of the contiguous United States. Bracing was added to the building as added security to protect it from the high winds common at this location.

United States Weather Bureau Station, Observatory Type, at Peoria, Illinois. In: "Meteorology" by Charles F. Talman, 1922. P. 320.

Manila Observatory - Headquarters of the Philippine Weather Bureau. In: "Meteorology" by Charles F. Talman, 1922. P. 321.

The power house and balloon shed at Mount Weather. In: "Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. 1906." 1907, p. 122.

Hergesell balloon meteorograph in protecting basket. In: "Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. 1906." 1907, p. 122.

Marvin kite meteorograph with anemometer. In: "Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. 1906." 1907, p. 122.

Marvin meteorograph with record. In: "Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. 1906." 1907, p. 122.

Interior of magnetic observatory at Mount Weather showing declinometer and theodolite. In: "Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. 1906." 1907, p. 122.

Interior of magnetic observatory at Mount Weather showing magnetometer and indicator. In: "Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. 1906." 1907, p. 122.

French balloon meteorograph. In: "Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. 1906." 1907, p. 122.

The administration building at the Mount Weather Observatory. In: "Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. 1906." 1907, p. 122.

Magnetic observatory buildings at Mount Weather Observatory. In: "Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture. 1906." 1907, p. 122.

Mount Washington Observatory. This was a Weather Service station between 1870 and 1892. It was reoccupied by an expedition during the International Polar Year of 1932-1933. It is possible that this picture was taken during preparations for the reoccupation. A record windgust of 231 mph was recorded here April 12, 1934.

Mount Rose Observatory, north of Lake Tahoe, California. This observatory was used by J. E. Church, Jr., in developing techniques for snow surveys to determine water content of snow pack for flood forecasting, agricultural purposes, and industrial interests. The elevation was 10,500 feet.

Young steer after a March blizzard. Blizzard conditions are extremely hard on exposed livestock.

Livestock losses after a March blizzard. Early warnings of blizzard conditions can help avert such disasters.

Red Cross workers search for victims buried in cars following snowfall during the Blizzard of "77." Only about 12 inches of new snow fell during this event but high winds coupled with existing snow in western New York and accumulated snow on the surface of frozen Lake Erie combined to cause major difficulties.

Super snowstorm paralyzed Chicago. Calumet Expressway near 138th.

Even trains are stopped by heavy snows.

Besides disrupting transportation, heavy ice and snow can damage utilities. Power and telephone lines sagging after heavy icestorm.

Bending into the wind during a Midwest blizzard.

Miniskirts were in style then, but not the best for a snowy, windy night. 16 inches of snow slows the frenetic pace of Manhattan.

Standing tall on North Dakota snow A March blizzard nearly buried utility poles. Caption jokingly read "I believe there is a train under here somewhere!"

Ice left on the banks after the gorge broke. The Corps of Engineers Dredge OTTAWA noses up to the ice on the bank. In: "Monthly Weather Review," February 1918, p. 90.

Gorged ice in front of Evansville. The winter of 1917-1918 was the coldest on record in the Ohio Valley at that time. In: "Monthly Weather Review," February 1918, p. 91.

Paradise Inn looking north toward the summit of Mount Rainier. In the winter of 1916-1917, 789.5 inches of snow fell at Paradise Inn. At the time of the photo , the snow was approximately 27 feet deep. In: "Monthly Weather Review," July 1918, p. 330.

Snow on trees at the Paradise Inn, Mount Rainier, Washington. In the winter of 1916-1917, 789.5 inches of snow fell at Paradise Inn. At the time of the photo , the snow was approximately 27 feet deep. In: "Monthly Weather Review," July 1918, p. 330.

Paradise Inn at the 6000 -foot level on Mount Rainier. In the winter of 1916-1917, 789.5 inches of snow fell at Paradise Inn. At the time of the photo , the snow was approximately 27 feet deep. In: "Monthly Weather Review," July 1918, p. 330.