Looking straight down at a spiny lobster - Panulirus sp.

Common inshore red goatfish - Parupeneus porphyreus These fish feed on small crustaceans and swallow them whole.

Dascyllus albisella - a type of damselfish with a spaghetti tag for tracing movement on artificial reef.

Wrasse - Cheilio inermis.

Damselfish - Chromis ovalis.

Butterfly fish (top) - Chaetodon corallicola; bottom left Dascyllus albisella damselfish.

Dragon wrasse (Novaculichthys taeniourus) so-called because of the appearance of the juvenile fish, and blue-striped butterfly fish (Chaetodon fremblii).

Big-scale soldierfish (Myripristis berndti) on artificial reef at night.

Surgeonfish - Ctenochaetus strigosus.

Cigar wrasse - Cheilio inermis.

School of goatfish - Parupeneus pleurostigma.

Schooling surgeonfish -Acanthurus sandvicensis (manini or convict tang).

Surgeonfish - Acanthurus dussumieri - known as palani locally. This fish is swimming near new pipe artificial reef with no growth. Among first to discover new artificial reef.

Schooling surgeonfish -Acanthurus sandvicensis (manini or convict tang). Schooling with yellow tang - Zebrasoma flavescens Among first to discover new artificial reef.

Two types of butterfly fish and two types of wrasse.

Fish eating egg-mass attached to pipe from damselfish spawning.

Night dive discovers manini sleeping. Surgeonfish -Acanthurus sandvicensis (manini or convict tang)

Three moorish idols - Zanclus canescens.

Spiny puffer, a porcupine fish - Diodon hystrix. Observed on a night dive

Large fish a surgeonfish - Acanthurus olivaceus; red striped fish is goatfish Parupeneus sp.

School of goatfish - Parupeneus pleurostigma.

Schooling surgeonfish -Acanthurus sandvicensis (manini or convict tang) Acanthaster planci - crown of thorns starfish on seafloor.

Dascyllus albisella -damselfish exploring new reef material.

Acanthurus olivaceus - surgeonfish grazing on algae on new reef material. Demonstrates artificial reef contribution to food chain. Murky waters occurred under certain conditions of current and swell. Fish biomass increased greatly during murky water episodes.

Unidentified species of octopus silhouetted in pipe entrance.

Hawaiian Hog Wrasse (Bodianus bilunulatus). Hawaiian Name: 'A'awa and Po-'o-u

Surgeonfish - Acanthurus olivaceus - grazing on new reef material. Demonstrates artificial reef contribution to food chain.

Surgeonfish - Acanthurus dussumieri - known as palani locally

Filefish - Alutera scripta. aspect of photo is deceiving, fish is actually flat.

Surgeonfish - Acanthurus olivaceus - grazing on new reef material. White fish is Lei triggerfish (Sufflamen bursa).

Dascyllus albisella -damselfish looking head on at photographer. Surgeonfish - Acanthurus olivaceus - in background grazing on reef material.

Dascyllus albisella -damselfish with saddle butterflyfish (Chaetodon ephippium). This butterflyfish is rare in Hawaii.

School of goatfish - Parupeneus multifasciatus ( Known as moano).

Goatfish school - Mulloidichthys samoensis (Known as weke.)

Unidentified fish on artificial reef during murky period of reduced visibility.

Mixed school of Heniochus acuminatus, Zebrasoma flavescens

Thalasomma duperreyi(Blue Wrasse) and goatfish Parapeneus multifasciatus (Moano) These fish are next to an exclusion cage that prevents grazing in order to study the effects of fish on benthic algal growth.

School of Mulloidichthys samoensis (Weke) in large concrete pipe. This was soon after the placement of the artificial reef.

School of Mulloidichthys samoensis (Weke) in large concrete pipe. This was soon after the placement of the artificial reef.

Heniochus acuminatus, a butterfly fish in 110 feet of water. This is just outside of the artificial reef.

Large school of the surgeon fish, Naso unicornis. These fish were generally seen on low visibility days on reef.

A typical school of the sparid, (Monotaxis grandoculis - Hawaiian name Mu). This fish primarily eats molluscs.

Cushion starfish, Culcita novaeguineae, and the goatfish Parapeneus multifasciatus (Moano) on a night dive on the reef.

Marine snow, detrital/particulate matter surrounding two adjacent pipes on reef. This configuration provided more habitat value than two single pipes laying apart.

Young green turtle, Cheloni mydas, on artificial reef. Depth of water 65 feet.

Small school of Dascyllus albisella observed on a night dive on the artificial reef.

The surgeon fish, Ctenochaetus striogosus, grazing on algae on pipe surface. Observed at night.

A small school of wrasse grazing near damaged pipe after a large storm swell caused the pipes to roll around violently in a depth of 65 ft.

Flash picture of goatfish, Mulloidichthys samoensis (Weke) taken at night.

Scorpion fish, Dendrochirus brachypterus, on inside of concrete pipe. Observed during night dive.