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Current Measuring Devices
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Voyage
History of Oceanography
The Early Instruments Collections
Current Measuring Devices
Early Instruments
Figure 21. Oceanographic float devised by Prince Albert of Monaco, 1887 model.These floats were used to study surface currents.
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Figure 22. Current indicator designed by Georges Aime in 1845. Top: view of theassembled unit; bottom image, view of the interior workings. Although Aimedesigned this instrument, it was constructed for use by Admiral Carl Irmingerand used to measur
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(1.51 MB)
Figure 23. Current meter invented by Jacob Amsler-Laffon about 1876. Thisinstrument was devised to measure the currents of streams and rivers. It was an application of Woltman's electrical turnstile method of measuring the current.The first use of
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(1.44 MB)
Figure 24. Current meter invented by Ernest Mayer in 1877 for studyingcurrents of the Adriatic Sea. The first tests were made near Pola in the northern Adriatic, by Professors Joseph Luksch and Julius Wolf of the Austrian MarineAcademy in 1877. Th
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(1.54 MB)
Figure 25. Current meter invented by Thorsten Arwidsson in 1880. Viewing the backside. This instrument was devised for rapid measurement by stationarynaval vessels.
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(1.34 MB)
Figure 26. Current meter invented by Thorsten Arwidsson for use in shallowwater. Less information is available concerning this model than the precedinginstrument. However, it was used by the explorer Sven Hedin, member of theSwedish Academy of Sci
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(1.44 MB)
Figure 26 (cont). Closeup view of the meter assembly of Thorsten Arwidsson'sshallow water current meter.
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Figure 27. A Massey current meter invented by Edward Massey. Top - view of the meter; bottom - view of the meter in its working position.
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(1.32 MB)
Figure 28. Fluxmeter invented by Admiral Stepan O. Makaroff in 1882 and used in the Straits of Bosporus. Its initial test was made from the Russian vesselTAMAN in the Straits of Bosporus in 1882 at about 73 meters depth.
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Figure 29. Pillsbury current meter invented by John Elliott Pillsbury and usedin an extensive study of the Gulf Stream studies beginning in 1876. But it wasnot until 1885 that Pillsbury used this instrument in the Straits of Florida ata depth of 64
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(1.08 MB)
Figure 30. Pendulum current meter invented by Fridtjof Nansen in 1901 withconsiderable improvements made in 1903. This instrument was not able toaccurately measure weak currents.
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(1.45 MB)
Figure 31. Ekman current meter invented by V. Walfrid Ekman about 1903. Thisinstrument was distinguished by its original manner for measuring both thestrenth and direction of the current. It was very robust and used throughoutthe world during the
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(1.29 MB)
Figure 32. Ekman current meter as modified by Max Marx in 1913.
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(1.08 MB)
Figure 32 (continued). View of helical impeller of Ekman current meter asmodified by Max Marx.
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(1.14 MB)
Figure 33. Clockwork counting device of Ekman current meter. Left: beforetriggering the release. Right: After triggering the release.
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Figure 34. Universal current measuring device invented by Otto Petterson in1904. This instrument was intended to measure current and temperature, as wellas collect plankton. Left: in operation. Right: after measurement. Thisinstrument was first
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(1.13 MB)
Figure 35. Current meter invented by Giovanni Boccardo in 1906. Boccardo wasthe chief instrument maker of the Royal Italian Hydrographic Institute. Thishigh precision instrument eliminated many of the faults of earlier currentmeters. It was first
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Figure 36. Current meter invented by Jacob Peter Jacobsen in 1909. Left: viewof the assembled unit. Right from top to bottom: bubble levels; sample bucket.This instrument was used by Jacobsen for many years. He first tested it in theGrand Belt fr
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(1.11 MB)
Figure 37. Current meter invented by Otto Pettersson 1910 with photographicrecorder. Left: view of the assembled unit. Right: details of themeasuring device and recorder. This was the first current measuring device tobe able to record both direct
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(1.62 MB)
Figure 38. Percussion current meter invented by Julien Thoulet. Top: Number99 0610. Bottom: Number 99 0611. When the helix turned it caused a striker to fall on a steel plate. The sound of this was recorded by a hydrophone and thenumber of reco
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(1.43 MB)
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