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Photometers
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Voyage
History of Oceanography
The Early Instruments Collections
Photometers
Early Instruments
Catalog of Oceanographic Equipment Contained in the Collection of the Museum of Oceanography of Monaco. 1. Photometers 2. Current MeasuringDevices by Christian Carpine. Bulletin de l'Institute Oceanographique, Vol. 73, No. 1437. 1987.
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Figure 1. H. Fol and E. Sarasin Photometers. 1. 1884 model.2. and 3. 1885 model. 4. and 5. 1886 model as publishedin Fol and Sarasin, 1887. Photometers are instruments to measure light. Theyare used to study how far light penetrates into the wa
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Figure 2. H. Fol and E. Sarasin photometer, 1884 model. Left: device closed.Right: Device opened. This instrument was used in 1885 to study the penetration of light in Lake Leman and after that in the Mediterranean. It was triedoff Cape Ferrat, F
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Figure 3. H. Fol and E. Sarasin photometer, 1885 model. From top to bottom -Device closed; device open; the surface float. This model was designed to fixthe weak point of the preceding model that was not able to execute a solemeasurement at a give
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Figure 4. H. Fol and E. Sarasin photometer, 1886 model. This instrument wastested at Villefranche-sur-Mer on board Fol's yacht, the AMPHIASTER. Theresults were not published.
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Figure 5. P. Regnard's combination photometer and photometric recording device.Invented by Paul Regnard in 1888 for measuring the intensity and duration of liglight with increasing depth. It was used by Prince Albert aboard a steam tug offFunchal at
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Figure 6. P. Regnard hydrochloric acid tube designed by Paul Regnard about 1889to study the chemical action of light in oceanic waters.
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Figure 7. E. von Petersen's photometer. Left: device before opening. Middle:device during exposure. Right: device after closing. This device was inventedin 1886 by Eugen von Petersen, an engineer at the Naples zoological station. The design foll
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Figure 8. L. Linsbauer's photometer. Left: a picture of the unit. Right:a picture of the internal photometer mechanism. This instrument was invented byLudwig Linsbauer for use in fresh water. It was used in Lake Traunsee in thenorthern part of A
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Figure 9. W. F. Ewald's photometer. The photometer is inverted with the lensuncovered. Invented by Wolfgang F. Ewald about 1908. An earlier instrument ofthis type is not part of the museum collection. The test of the original was in a lake near
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Figure 10. W. F. Ewald's photometer. Vibration model activated by shaking thecable that the instrument was attached to. This model was invented by WolfgangF. Ewald in 1910 and tested near the coast of Scotland.
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Figure 11. W. F. Ewald's photometer, messenger model, at the end of operation.Invented by Wolfgang F. Ewald about 1910 to fix some of the problems of theprevious model. First tested about 1910 off the coast of Scotland. Other tests were then made
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Figure 12. E. B. Helland-Hansen's photometer. Left: device before opening.Middle: Device during exposure. Right: Device after closing. Invented by Bjorn Helland-Hansen in 1910, this photometer was used aboard the MICHAEL SARSin the North Atlantic
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Figure 13. R. Bertel's spectograph invented by Rudolph Bertel in 1910. Thisinstrument was designed to study the penetration of the various wavelegths oflight into the waters off Monaco. The first test of this instrument was aboardthe EIDER off Mon
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Figure 13. (cont) R. Bertel's spectograph. Left: exposure mechanism beforeopening. Middle: Exposure mechanism during opening. Right: Exposure mechanismafter closure. See image ship4014 for further discussion.
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Figure 13. (end) R. Bertel's spectograph. The optical device.See image ship4014 for further discussion.
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Figure 14. W. F. Ewald's and K. Grein's photometer. Left: view of theapparatus. Right (from top to bottom): messenger container; removable photographic plates; removable filters. This instrument was designed byWolfgang F. Ewald with the aid of Kl
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Figure 15. K. Grein's photometer invented and made by Klaus Green in 1912 aspart of a series of photometers devised in collaboration with Wolfgang Ewald.This instrument was first tested from the EIDER in 1913 between 500meters water depth. As a res
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Figure 16. J. Richard's photometer. Left: the apparatus. Right, (from top tobottom): exposure mechanism before opening; exposure mechanism during opening;exposure mechanism after opening.
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Figure 17. Luksch disk, made by Joseph Luksch about 1880 and used in that yearaboard the HERTA, the yacht of Prince John II of Liechstenstein. It was provided with five interchangeable 36-cm reflecting plates of different metals, somepainted. After
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