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Thermometers and Other Equipment
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Voyage
History of Oceanography
The Early Instruments Collections
Thermometers and Other Equipment
Early Instruments
Figure 16. Certificate of examination certifying that the instruments had beentested at 3 tons pressure and the indicated corrections to readings thashould be used. These instruments were designed for use in polar areas and hadtemperature scales ra
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Figure 17. Negretti and Zambra thermometers, 1926 models. These instrumentsare very similar to thermometers produced by Richter and Wiese in 1925 for theGerman METEOR expedition. Whether developed independently or copied, theyare the same in all d
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(1.04 MB)
Figure 18. Protected Chabaud thermometers constructed by Victor Chabaud in1892. Three left-most: mercury thermometers. Right: with copper powder.
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(1.17 MB)
Figure 18 (cont). Certificate from the Central meteorological bureau with notes concerning the designated thermometers.
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Figure 18 (end). Chabaud thermometers. These thermometers were constructed by Victor Chabaud. The three left-most thermometers are in their protective glass envelopes while the two right-most are shown with the protective tube removed.
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Figure 19. Hemot thermometer constructed by Alphonse Hemot. Hemot was aninstrument maker who made barometers but probably at the request of Prince Albert I of Monaco, he constructed reversing thermometers based on the Chabaudmodels. It is certain
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(1.18 MB)
Figure 20. Dumaige thermometer constructed by Paul Dumaige who was a long-timecollaborator with the Prince of Monaco. Duimage was known for having constructed the closing mechanism for a plankton net used by Albert I. It is not knownwhether this i
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Figure 21. Knudsen thermometer invented in 1896 by the Danish professor MartinKnudsen, this model was not much different than the Chabaud thermometer. Thisinstrument was used in the second expedition of the INGOLF in 1896.
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Figure 22. Richter thermometer constructed by the German instrument maker CarlRichter following the suggestions of Fridtjof Nansen. Two of these were received in March 1901 and sent to Roald Amundsen for testing in Arctic waters. Although not a revo
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(1.3 MB)
Figure 22 (cont). Richter thermometers constructed by the German instrumentmaker Carl Richter following the suggestions of Fridtjof Nansen. Two of these were received in March 1901 and sent to Roald Amundsen for testing in Arcticwaters. Although
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Figure 22 (end). Richter thermometer with its examination certificate.
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Figure 22 (end). Correction information accompanying the certificate ofexamination and also information concerning the circumstances of testing.
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Figure 23. Kohler thermometers. These instruments were constructed by FritzKohler, who worked notably for the Wilhelm Ostwald Institute at Leipzig. Hefabricated these models more or less following the design of Richter's thermometer.
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(1.13 MB)
Figure 24. Vereinigte Fabriken fur Laboratoriumsbedarf thermometer,manufactured by the firm of the same name. Vereinigte Fabriken fur Laboratoriumsbedarf was a manufacturing concern that made all sorts of instruments forlaboratories and researchers
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(1.75 MB)
Figure 25. Schmidt thermometer. These were of the Richter design. The firm of of Schmidt and Vossberg was founded in 1912 and fabricated these instrumentsupon its debut. Afterwards the company became named solely Franz Schmidt andall thermometers
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Figure 25 (cont). Examination certificate accompanying Schmidt and Vossbergthermometer dated 13 July, 1913.
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(1.19 MB)
Figure 26. Richter and Wiese thermometer, protected model with its certificateof construction. The prototypes of this type of thermometer were used on the German METEOR expedition from 1925-1927.
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(1.22 MB)
Figure 26 (cont). Certificate of construction for a Richter and Wiese protected thermometer.
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(1.22 MB)
Figure 27. Richter and Wiese unprotected thermometer.
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Figure 27 (cont). Front of examination certificate for Richter and Wieseunprotected thermometer.
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(1.27 MB)
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