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Thermometers and Other Equipment
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Voyage
History of Oceanography
The Early Instruments Collections
Thermometers and Other Equipment
Early Instruments
Figure 64. Richard registering thermometer for use in great depths. This instrument recorded depths obtained by a bimetallic strip and was mounted in a water-tight caisson. Upper: registering device. Middle: recording paper. Bottom: water-tight c
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Figure 65. Bounhiol thermometer register, used to record temperatures in an enclosed caisson lowered to depths. This instrument was devised by Jean-Paul Bounhiol, Professor at the higher school of sciences at Algiers, in 1908. He tested it at abou
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Figure 65 (cont.) Recording paper used with Bounhiol thermometer register.
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Figure 66. Negretti and Zambra thermometer recorder. This instrument wasdeveloped in 1920 and was actuated by the principle of expansion and contraction of mercury in a Bourdon tube. Above: recording device. Bottom: sensorand conducting unit.
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Figure 67. The bathythermograph first conceived by Athelstan Spilhaus in 1936and produced in 1937. This instrument measured a continuous profile of sea-temperature versus depth. It was the prototype of many types of instrumentsused either for stud
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Figure 67 (cont.) The recording of temperature versus pressure on thebathythermograph was done by etching a trace on smoked glass for reading uponrecovery of the instrument at the observing vessel.
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Figure 68. Various models of Richard bathythermographs. These instruments aresimilar to the Spilhaus bathythermograph and were used between 1962 and 1967 bythe firm of Jules Richard.
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Figure 69. Expendable bathythermograph made by Sippican Corporation. Theseinstruments pay out a copper wire upon descent that has varying conductivity asthe temperature changes. Depth is determined as a function of the rate ofdescent of the instru
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Figure 70. Temperature sensor for deep water. This instrument was made byCrouzet Society of Valence, France and constructed by SAFARE-CROUZET. This wasan early version of a CTD instrument in which temperature information wastransmitted up a cable
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