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Thermometers and Other Equipment
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Voyage
History of Oceanography
The Early Instruments Collections
Thermometers and Other Equipment
Early Instruments
Figure 27 (end). Front of examination certificate for Richter and Wieseunprotected thermometer.
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(1.05 MB)
Figure 28. Gohla thermometer, an unprotected model. For many years the firmof Kurt Gohla made thermometers after the design of Richter and Wiese.
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(1.15 MB)
Figure 29. Watanabe thermometer constructed by the Japanese firm Watanabe.This thermometer follows the Richter and Weise design which was usedworld-wide because of its precision and surety of results.
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(1.14 MB)
Mercury thermometers in the collection of the Oceanographic Museum at Monaco.These thermometers were used on board the ships of Prince Albert 1st of Monaco.
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(1007.26 KB)
Figure 30. Fuess surface thermometer built by Rudolph Fuess of Berlin about1900. This thermometer acted in the same way as an ordinary thermometer but was meant to be used for measuring the surface waters of the sea.
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(1.14 MB)
Figure 31. Flat model surface thermometer. Although this thermometer is namedRichard thermometer in the museum collections, this is probably an error.The accompanying certificate identifies it as being made by Fritz Kohler of theOstwald Institute i
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(1.8 MB)
Figure 32. Richter surface thermometer, used for measuring the surface watersof the sea. This model was constructed in 1911 by Carl Richter in Berlin.Little is known as to when and where this instrument was tested and used.Undoubtedly it was meant
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Figure 33. Meyer slow registering thermometer invented by Dr. Adolph Meyer andfirst used on the POMMERANIA in 1871 and then by various German scientificstudies. It was used down to 50 meters but would stay submerged for about anhour to register the
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(1.24 MB)
Figure 34. Thermometer used with Pettersson-Nansen insulation bottle. Thisbottle was a version of the Pettersson bottle with improvements made by Fridtjof Nansen in 1900. This thermometer was fixed to the inside cover of the bottlewhile a reversin
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(1.08 MB)
Figure 35. Muller thermometer constructed by Gustav Muller for laboratory andresearch studies. It acted as a normal thermometer which was used with thePettersson-Nansen insulation bottle. Because of the time for the temperature toequilibrate in th
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(1.14 MB)
Figure 36. Nansen thermometer for use with a water sampling bottle. Thisthermometer was conceived by Fridtjof Nansen in collaboration with Vagn W. Ekman. This was not a reversing thermometer but was used in an insulated bottle andthen brought back
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(1.07 MB)
Figure 37. Jacob thermometer devised by Martin Knudsen and constructed byFriedrich C. Jacob of Copenhagen. This thermometer was mounted inside an insulated bottle that was lowered from an underway ship. This thermometer was of a classic design that
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(1.12 MB)
Figure 38. Knudsen thermometer devised by Martin Knudsen for use with aninsulated water sampling bottle. Little is known about the testing or use ofthis thermometer.
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(1.14 MB)
Figure 39. Knudsen thermometer constructed by the firm of Siebert and Kuhn. Little is known about this instrument.
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(1.13 MB)
Figure 40. Aime's mechanism devised by Georges Aime in 1841 for triggering therelease of water sampling bottles. Although the records of Aime's tests of this mechanism are not available, it seems that by using this mechanism that he wasthe first to
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Figure 41. Helical mounting mechanism of Negretti and Zambra. This mechanismwas meant to cause the reversing thermometer of Negretti and Zambra to flip atthe required depth. The helical screw would measure the depth on the way downand release the
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(1.14 MB)
Figure 42. Negretti and Zambra portable ballast mounting mechanism uponreturning to the surface. This was designed to eliminate some problemsassociated with the mounting mechanism used on the CHALLENGER. This modification was made in 1878 and is d
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(1.21 MB)
Figure 43. Magnaghi helical mounting devised by Giovanni Battista Magnaghi in1881 near the end of his command of the Italian oceanographic expedition on theWASHINGTON. This mechanism was certainly inspired by the Sigsbee bottlemounting as well as t
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(1.14 MB)
Figure 44. Magnaghi helical mounting (improved model.) This model resultedfrom the suggestion of Giovanni Battista Magnaghi to the London instrument makers Negretti and Zambra, in 1881, to follow the ideas developed on the Italiannavy ship WASHINGT
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Figure 45. Milne-Edwards mounting developed by Professor Alphonse Milne-Edwards for use with reversing thermometers on the TALISMAN scientific expedition ofthe French National Marine Administration in the North Atlantic in 1883. Twoinnovations were
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(1.03 MB)
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